Title	Author/yr	Abstract	Location/ subject	method	findings
A study on the international students’ perception and norms in Taiwan.	Chou, C. P., Roberts, A., & Ching, G. S. (2012)	This article details a quantitative study conducted during the 2009–2010 academic year in Taiwan. In scope it details an empirical study exploring the dispositions of international students in terms of their academic and social spheres. The use of quantitative method provided clarity and extended critical interpretations of the issues and dilemmas surrounding the international student experience in Taiwan.	TW/ 648 degree seeking international students from 23 countries.	Quantitative: survey	issues and dilemmas surrounding the international student experience in Taiwan
The relationship between international students’ and cross-cultural adaptation and dominant language in Taiwan	Huang, H., & Chang, Y. (2011)	This study focused on the issue of cross-cultural adaptation. This study analyzed the relationship between international students’ cross-cultural adaptation and the dominant language as Chinese of Taiwan, and put emphasis on the relationship between the linguistic competence acquired from studying abroad and the level of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as how they affect each other.	Tainan, TW / international students of three universities	questionnaire	international students’ cross-cultural adaptation concerning the dimension of “studying and researching” was closely related to their Chinese proficiency, and that the level Chinese ability would affect the amount of cross-cultural adaptation
A case study on the international students' social adaptability in Taiwan: A qualitative study	Lewis, A., Ching, G. S., & Su, Y. N. (2013)	the current presentation shall showcase the findings of a case study accomplished at a social science university in Taiwan during the 2009 school year. The main purpose of this study is to explore the critical factors that influence the international students’ social adaptations. This qualitative study uses both individual and focus group interviews to strengthen the data gathering procedures. A total of 30 international students from 15 countries were invited and interviewed. Data analysis includes constant comparison of gathered facts and generating meaning from the transcribed information.	TW/ TW/ A total of 30 international students from 15 countries	individual and focus group interviews	Results show that international students’ social adaptabilities (social adaptive skills) can have a direct influence on how they establish their social networks. Some major factors include the availability of cross-cultural opportunities such as foods in night markets, numerous scenic places to visits, and coupled with easy access to mass transportation. The international students’ social adaptability is further reinforced by the friendly and receptive nature of Taiwan individuals towards cultural diversity. Lastly, this study also relays some recommendations international students mentioned that will be able to better enhance their study experience.
Negotiating language choice in multilingual lab meetings: Voices from domestic and international students in Taiwan	Lin, S. (2022)	This article examines language practice in international higher education (HE) in non-Anglophone countries, with a focus on language choice and negotiation in engineering and science lab meetings among culturally and linguistically diverse students and professors. Analyses of 53 indepth interviews with students and professors in a research university in Taiwan show that the professors addressed the linguistic diversity among domestic and international students by imposing an English policy or having an open policy for the lab meetings. The study suggests that multilingual multimodal academic communication in international HE is natural but not all language choices are equally inclusive and conducive to learning for all members. This study has provided a comprehensive picture and nuanced analyses of language choice in multilingual lab meetings. Future research with discourse data would enrich the present findings to further explicate optimal translanguaging practices in international HE.	a research university in TW/ 41 Taiwanese graduate students (T1-T41), 41 international graduate students (I1-I41) from 22 countries, and 11 professors	53 indepth interviews with students and professors	Whatever the policy is, the language choice was subject to constant negotiations among all lab members, leading to dynamic flows and configurations of translanguaging. The language choice and negotiation is embedded in the local-global tensions in that local students’ language preference is the local language Chinese, while international students’ language preference is the global lingua franca English.
The development of international student recruitment policies in Taiwan: A 60-year trajectory	Ma, A.-h. S. (2014)	This article examines the development of Taiwan’s international student recruitment policies from 1950 to 2011, exemplifying the case in a non-Western, non-English speaking context. While Taiwan’s case is distinctive with the dominance of noneconomic factors in shaping the state policy orientation and agendas, the strong role of the state and the Confucian model of higher education constitute a valid example of developments in the internationalization of higher education in East Asia. The analysis further shows that the intertwining forces of localization, nationalization, and globalization influenced the policy development throughout three stages of the trajectory. These findings demonstrate the transformationalist viewpoint of globalization and support the “glonacal agency approach” proposed by Rhoades and Marginson (2002) claiming that local, national, and global domains are simultaneously significant in understanding globalization and higher education.	TW/ NA	Meta-analysis on texts
The mediating role of international student satisfaction in the influence of higher education service quality on institutional reputation in Taiwan	Moslehpour, M., Chau, K. Y., Zheng, J., Hanjani, A. N., & Hoang, M. (2020)	This study investigates the effects of Taiwan’s higher education service quality on international student satisfaction and institutional reputation. We collected data from 197 international students studying at 33 national and private universities in Taiwan to test the study’s proposed model. This study uses a quantitative approach to examine the proposed hypotheses, and causal research design is used to elucidate the cause-and-effect relationship between constructs. This study’s findings could help higher education institutions in Taiwan assess and improve their service quality, which would help them attract	TW/ 197 international students studying at 33 national and private universities in Taiwan	Quantitative questionnaires	The non-academic aspect of service quality is the most influential variable in student satisfaction, and student satisfaction strongly affects institutional reputation. Student satisfaction mediates the relationship between the academic and non-academic aspects of service quality and institutional reputation. international students
Exploring cultural differences in classroom expectations of students from the United States and Taiwan	Niehoff, B. P., Turnley, W. H., Yen, H. J. R., & Sheu, C. (2001)	Little is known about students’ expectations of classroom practices, much less any cross-cultural differences in those expectations. This study gathered survey data from U.S. and Taiwanese students concerning their expectations of both students’ and teachers’ obligations in the classroom. The results showed differences between the two cultures. We discuss our findings as they relate to how to improve learning in the multicultural classroom through a better understanding of cross-cultural differences in classroom expectations.	US, TW	survey
Contemporary trends in East Asian higher education: Dispositions of international students in a Taiwan university	Roberts, A., Chou, P., & Ching, G. (2010)	This article details a mixed methods study conducted during the 2007–2008 academic year at the National Chengchi University (NCCU) in Taipei Taiwan. It contributes to discourse examining the opportunities and challenges of international student enrollments in institutions of higher learning around the globe. In scope it details an empirical study exploring the dispositions of NCCU international students in terms of their academic and social spheres. Trends in Taiwan reflect traditional East Asian patterns; substantial numbers of university students from Taiwan studied in the United States and Britain while very few incoming international students chose the island nation as a host destination. In recent years the influx of international students to Taiwan has increased significantly, rising from 6,380 in 2001 to 21,005 in 2007 (Ko, http://www.taipeitimes. com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/02/12/2003400913, 2008). The use of both quantitative and qualitative methods provided clarity and extended critical interpretations of the issues and dilemmas surrounding the international student experience in Taiwan.	TW/ 88 participants from 17 countries, enrolled in the NCCU Mandarin Studies Program	The qualitative data set included five videotaped and voice recorded focus group interviews, the daily upkeep of a focus group field log, and biweekly researcher debriefing sessions. The quantitative data set consisted of a structured survey questionnaire		Results indicate that the capability of the NCCU as a host institution to sustain and attract increasing numbers of incoming international students is linked to factors such as the unique opportunity to study traditional as opposed to simplified Chinese characters, the availability and accessibility of Taiwan government sponsored scholarships, and the high standard of the NCCU Mandarin Studies program. Implications suggest that universities committed to internationalization are called to address the realities—both positive and negative—of operating as globally competitive institutions. As such, attracting the right kind of international students at the NCCU and determining standards for their contribution to campus life are more important goals than the total number of international students.
Barriers to adjustment: needs of international students within a semi-urban campus community	Poyrazli, S. and K. M. Grahame (2007)	Following an ecological framework, the primary purpose of this study was to exam- ine the adjustment needs of international students within their academic and social communities. Focus group interviews revealed that students are more in need during their initial transition after arrival to the U.S. and that they experience a number of barriers in their attempts to adjust. Some of these barriers were related to academic life, health insurance, living on or off campus, social interactions, transportation, and discrimination. The implications of these findings are discussed.	US/ 15 undergraduate and graduate students	Focus group interview		Our major findings indicate that students experience a number of concerns related to accommodations, communication, transportation, social inter- action with host nationals, health insurance, counseling,discrimination, and academic life. Their interest in succeed academically and socially and the institution's interest in retaining these students require both parties to act to bring about the changes necessary to accomplish these goals.
Needs assessment for exchange students in Taiwan	Takaya, K. (2016).	This research investigates the experience of exchange students from the Philippines and mainland China and examines their needs while studying in Taiwan. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with exchange students from the Philippines and mainland China. The findings suggest that while exchange students from the Philippines and mainland China both encountered difficulties during their study in Taiwan, exchange students from the Philippines were inclined to encounter more difficulties compared to those from mainland China due to language difficulties.	TW/ exchange students from the Philippines and mainland China	Qualitative in-depth interviews		Based on the findings of this study, suggested support services for future exchange students in Taiwan are outlined to match the needs of students from both Chinese and non-Chinese- speaking backgrounds

(Chou, Roberts, & Ching, 2012; Huang & Chang, 2011; Lewis, Ching, & Su, 2013; Lin, 2022; Ma, 2014; Moslehpour, Chau, Zheng, Hanjani, & Hoang, 2020; Niehoff, Turnley, Yen, & Sheu, 2001; Poyrazli & Grahame, 2007; Roberts, Chou, & Ching, 2010; Takaya, 2016)

 

Chou, C. P., Roberts, A., & Ching, G. S. (2012). A study on the international students’ perception and norms in Taiwan. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 1(2), 71-84.

Huang, H., & Chang, Y. (2011). The relationship between international students’ and cross-cultural adaptation and dominant language in Taiwan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(7), 137-145.

Lewis, A., Ching, G. S., & Su, Y. N. (2013). A case study on the international students' social adaptability in Taiwan: A qualitative study. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 2(1), 13-24.

Lin, S. (2022). Negotiating language choice in multilingual lab meetings: Voices from domestic and international students in Taiwan. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(1), 117-130.

Ma, A.-h. S. (2014). The development of international student recruitment policies in Taiwan: A 60-year trajectory. Journal of Studies in International Education, 18(2), 120-140.

Moslehpour, M., Chau, K. Y., Zheng, J., Hanjani, A. N., & Hoang, M. (2020). The mediating role of international student satisfaction in the influence of higher education service quality on institutional reputation in Taiwan. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 12, 1847979020971955.

Niehoff, B. P., Turnley, W. H., Yen, H. J. R., & Sheu, C. (2001). Exploring cultural differences in classroom expectations of students from the United States and Taiwan. Journal of education for business, 76(5), 289-293.

Poyrazli, S., & Grahame, K. M. (2007). Barriers to adjustment: Needs of international students within a semi-urban campus community. Journal of instructional Psychology, 34(1), 28.

Roberts, A., Chou, P., & Ching, G. (2010). Contemporary trends in East Asian higher education: Dispositions of international students in a Taiwan university. Higher Education, 59(2), 149-166.

Takaya, K. (2016). Needs assessment for exchange students in Taiwan. Journal of International and Comparative Education (JICE), 33-45.